Ho latela National Cholesterol Education Programme (NCEP), American Diabetes Association (ADA), le CDC, bohlokoa ba ho utloisisa boemo ba lipid le tsoekere ke ntho e ka sehloohong ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhokomelo ea bophelo le lefu le bakoang ke maemo a ka thibeloang.[1-3]
Dyslipidemia e hlalosoa e le ho phahama ha plasmak'holeseterole kapa triglycerides (TG), kapa bobeli, kapa tlaasehigh-density lipoprotein (HDL)boemo bo tlatsetsang ho nts'etsopele ea atherosclerosis.Lisosa tsa mantlha tsa dyslipidemia li ka kenyelletsa liphetoho tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso tse bakang tlhahiso e feteletseng kapa ho se sebetse hantle ha TG lelow-density lipoprotein (LDL)k'holeseterole kapa tlhahiso e tlase kapa ho tlosoa ho feteletseng ha HDL.Lisosa tsa bobeli tsa lefu la dyslipidemia li kenyelletsa mokhoa oa ho phela ka mokhoa o sa sebetseng ka mokhoa o feteletseng oa ho ja mafura a mangata le k'holeseterole.[4]
Cholesterol ke lipid e fumanoang liseleng tsohle tsa liphoofolo, mali, bile le mafura a liphoofolo tse bohlokoa bakeng sa ho theha le ho sebetsa le lera la lisele, tlhahiso ea lihormone le tlhahiso ea livithamini tse qhibilihang ka mafura.K’holeseterole e tsamaea maling ka lipoprotein.5 LDLs e isa k’holeseterole liseleng, moo e sebelisoang lera kapa bakeng sa ho kopanya lihomone tsa steroid.6 Tekanyo e phahameng ea LDL e lebisa k’holeseterole ka har’a methapo ea mali.[5]Ka lehlakoreng le leng, HDL e bokella k'holeseterole e feteletseng liseleng ebe e e khutlisetsa sebeteng.[6]K'holeseterole e phahameng maling e ka kopana le lintho tse ling, e leng se bakang ho thehoa ha plaque.TG ke li-ester tse nkiloeng ho glycerol le li-acid tse tharo tse mafura tse bolokiloeng liseleng tsa mafura.Li-hormone li lokolla TG bakeng sa matla pakeng tsa lijo.TG e ka 'na ea phahamisa kotsi ea lefu la pelo' me ea nkoa e le letšoao la lefu la metabolism;ka hona, ho beha leihlo lipid ho bohlokoa hobane dyslipidemia e sa laoleheng e ka lebisa ho nts'etsopele ea lefu la pelo.[7]
Dyslipidemia e fumanoa ho sebelisoa serum ea malitlhahlobo ea profil ea lipid.1Teko ena e lekanya kakaretso ea k'holeseterole, k'holeseterole ea HDL, TG, le k'holeseterole ea LDL e baloang.
Lefu la tsoekere mellitus
Lefu la tsoekere ke lefu le sa foleng le khetholloang ke ho se sebetse hantle ha 'mele ho sebelisa insulin le glucagon.Glucagon e hlahisoa ka lebaka la khatello e tlase ea tsoekere, e bakang glycogenolysis.Insulin e hlahisoa ka lebaka la ho ja lijo, e leng se etsang hore lisele li nke tsoekere e tsoang maling ebe li e fetolela ho glycogen bakeng sa polokelo.[8]Ho se sebetse hantle ha glucagon kapa insulin ho ka lebisa ho hyperglycemia.Qetellong lefu la tsoekere le ka senya mahlo, liphio, methapo ea kutlo, pelo le methapo ea mali.Ho na le liteko tse ngata tse sebelisoang ho hlahloba lefu la tsoekere mellitus.Tse ling tsa liteko tsena li kenyelletsa tsoekere ea mali e sa reroang le tlhahlobo ea tsoekere ea plasma e potlakileng.[9]
Epidemiology
Ho latela CDC, batho ba baholo ba Amerika ba limilione tse 71 (33.5%) ba na le dyslipidemia.Ke motho a le mong feela ho ba 3 ea nang le k'holeseterole e phahameng ea nang le boemo bo laolehileng.Kakaretso ea kakaretso ea k'holeseterole ea batho ba baholo ba Amerika ke 200 mg/dL.11 CDC e hakanya hore Maamerika a limilione tse 29.1 (9.3%) a na le lefu la tsoekere, 'me ba limilione tse 21 ba fumanoe ba le 8.1 (27.8%) ba sa hlahlojoe.[2]
Hyperlipidemiake “lefu la leruo” le tloaelehileng sechabeng sa kajeno.Lilemong tse 20 tse fetileng, e tsoetse pele ho ba boemo bo holimo lefatšeng ka bophara.Ho ea ka WHO, Ho tloha lekholong la bo21 la lilemo, karolelano ea batho ba limilione tse 2.6 ba bolailoe ke mafu a pelo le methapo ea pelo (a kang acute myocardial infarction le stroke) a bakoang ke hyperlipidemia ea nako e telele selemo se seng le se seng.Ho ata ha hyperlipidemia ho batho ba baholo ba Europe ke 54%, mme batho ba baholo ba Europe ba ka bang limilione tse 130 ba na le hyperlipidemia.Ketsahalo ea hyperlipidemia United States e matla ka ho lekana empa e tlase hanyane ho feta Europe.Liphello li bontša hore karolo ea 50 lekholong ea banna le karolo ea 48 lekholong ea basali ba United States ba na le hyperlipidemia.Bakuli ba hyperlipidemia ba na le monyetla oa ho ba le cerebral apoplexy;’Me haeba methapo ea mali e mahlong a ’mele oa motho e thibane, ho tla lebisa ho fokotseng pono, kapa esita le bofofu;Haeba e etsahala ka liphio, e tla baka ketsahalo ea renal arteriosclerosis, e amang mosebetsi o tloaelehileng oa liphio oa mokuli, le ketsahalo ea ho hlōleha ha renal.Haeba e hlaha lipheletsong tse tlase, necrosis le liso li ka hlaha.Ntle le moo, lipids tse phahameng tsa mali le tsona li ka baka mathata a kang khatello ea mali, gallstones, pancreatitis le senile dementia.
LIEKETSENG
1. Tlaleho ea Boraro ea Lenaneo la Naha la Thuto ea K'holeseterole (NCEP) Tlaleho ea ho qetela mabapi le ho Khetholloa, Tlhahlobo, le Kalafo ea High Blood Cholesterol ho Batho ba Baholo (Adult Treatment Panel III).Ho potoloha.2002;106:3143-3421.
2. CDC.Tlaleho ea Naha ea Lipalopalo tsa Lefu la tsoekere ea 2014.Mphalane 14, 2014. www.cdc.gov/diabetes/data/statistics/2014statisticsreport.html.E fihletsoe ka Phupu 20, 2014.
3. CDC, Karolo ea Boloetse ba Pelo le Thibelo ea Leqeba.Letlapa la k'holeseterole.www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fs_cholesterol.htm.E fihletsoe ka Phupu 20, 2014.
4. Goldberg A. Dyslipidemia.Merck Manual Professional Version.www.merckmanuals.com/professional/endocrine_and_metabolic_disorders/lipid_disorders/dyslipidemia.html.E fihletsoe ka Phupu 6, 2014.
5. Setsi sa Naha sa Pelo, Matšoafo le Mali.Hlahloba k'holeseterole e phahameng ea mali.https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/hbc/.E fihletsoe ka Phupu 6, 2014.
6. Univesithi ea Washington dikhoso seva web.Cholesterol, lipoprotein le sebete.http://courses.washington.edu/conj/bess/cholesterol/liver.html.E fihletsoe ka Phupu 10, 2014.
7. Mayo Clinic.K'holeseterole e phahameng.www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/in-depth/triglycerides/art-20048186.E fihletsoe ka June 10, 2014.
8. Diabetes.co.uk.Glucagon.www.diabetes.co.uk/body/glucagon.html.E fihletsoe ka Phupu 15, 2014.
9. Mayo Clinic.Lefu la tsoekere.www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/basics/tests-diagnosis/con-20033091.E fihletsoe ka June 20, 2014.
Nako ea poso: Jun-17-2022