Mofuta oa 1 oa lefu la tsoekereke boemo bo bakoang ke tšenyo ea autoimmune ea lisele tsa b-cell tsa pancreatic islets, hangata e lebisang khaellong e matla ea insulin.Mofuta oa 1 oa lefu la tsoekere o baka hoo e ka bang 5-10% ea bakuli bohle ba lefu la tsoekere.Le ha ts'oaetso e ntse e eketseha nakong ea boroetsana le bongoaneng ba batho ba baholo, lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1 le hlaha lihlopheng tsohle tsa lilemo mme batho ba nang le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1 ba phela lilemo tse mashome ka mor'a hore lefu lena le qale, e le hore ho ata ka kakaretso ha lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1 ho. e phahameng ho batho ba baholo ho feta baneng, ho lokafatsa maikutlo a rona ho lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1 ho batho ba baholo (1).Palo ea lefats'e ea lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1 ke 5.9 ho batho ba 10,000, athe sekhahla se eketsehile ka potlako lilemong tse 50 tse fetileng mme hajoale ho hakanngoa hore ke 15 ho batho ba 100,000 ka selemo (2).
Pele ho sibolloa insulin lilemong tse lekholo tse fetileng, lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1 le ne le amahanngoa le nako e lebeletsoeng ea bophelo e ka bang likhoeli tse 'maloa.Ho tloha ka 1922, ho ne ho sebelisoa insulin e sa jeseng litheohelang, e nkiloeng ho manyeme a liphoofolo, ho phekola batho ba nang le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1.Lilemong tse mashome tse latelang, likhahla tsa insulin li ile tsa lekanngoa, litharollo tsa insulin li ile tsa hloeka haholoanyane, tsa fella ka ho fokotseha ha immunogenicity, 'me li-additives, tse kang zinki le protamine, li ile tsa kenngoa tharollong ea insulin ho eketsa nako ea ts'ebetso.Lilemong tsa bo-1980, ho ile ha qaptjoa li-insulin tsa batho tsa semisynthetic le recombinant, 'me bohareng ba lilemo tsa bo-1990, li-analogue tsa insulin li ile tsa fumaneha.Li-analogue tsa insulin tsa basal li entsoe ka nako e telele ea ts'ebetso le ho fokotseha ho fapaneng ha pharmacodynamic ha ho bapisoa le protamine-based (NPH) insulin ea motho, ha li-analogues tse sebetsang ka potlako li ile tsa hlahisoa ka ho qala kapele le nako e khuts'oane ho feta insulin ea motho e sebetsang ka nako e khuts'oane ("kamehla"), e leng se ileng sa fella ka ho fokotseha. pele ho lijo tsa hosenghyperglycemiamme hamoraohypoglycemialihora tse 'maloa ka mor'a lijo (3).
Ho sibolloa ha insulin ho fetotse bophelo ba batho ba bangata, empa kapele ho ile ha totobala hore lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1 le amahanngoa le ho hlaha ha mathata a nako e telele le ho khutsufatsa nako ea bophelo.Lilemong tse 100 tse fetileng, tsoelo-pele ea insulin, phepelo ea eona le mahlale a ho lekanya index ea glycemic li fetotse taolo ea lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1 haholo.Leha ho na le tsoelo-pele ena, batho ba bangata ba nang le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1 ha ba fihlele lipehelo tsa glycemic tse hlokahalang ho thibela kapa ho liehisa tsoelo-pele ea mathata a lefu la tsoekere, a ntseng a tsoela pele ho ba le moroalo o phahameng oa bongaka le oa maikutlo.
Ka ho hlokomela phephetso e ntseng e tsoela pele ea lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1 le nts'etsopele e potlakileng ea kalafo le mahlale a macha,European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)le eaMokhatlo oa Amerika oa lefu la tsoekere (ADA)e ile ea bitsa sehlopha sa bangoli ho etsa tlaleho ea tumellano mabapi le taolo ea lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1 ho batho ba baholo, ba lilemo li 18 ho ea holimo.Sehlopha sa bangoli se ne se tseba ka tataiso ea naha le ea machabeng mabapi le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1 mme se ne se sa batle ho pheta sena, empa se ikemiselitse ho totobatsa likarolo tse kholo tsa tlhokomelo eo litsebi tsa tlhokomelo ea bophelo li lokelang ho li ela hloko ha li laola batho ba baholo ba nang le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1.Tlaleho ea tumellano e tsepamisitse maikutlo haholo ho maano a hajoale le a nakong e tlang a taolo ea glycemic le maemo a tšohanyetso a metabolism.Likhatelopele tsa morao-rao tsa tlhahlobo ea lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1 li 'nile tsa nahanoa.Ho fapana le maemo a mang a mangata a sa foleng, lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1 le beha moroalo o ikhethang oa taolo ho motho ea nang le lefu lena.Ho phaella mekhoeng e rarahaneng ea meriana, ho boetse ho hlokahala phetoho e ’ngoe ea boitšoaro;Sena sohle se hloka tsebo e ngata le tsebo ea ho tsamaea lipakeng tsa hyper- le hypoglycemia.Bohlokoa bathuto le ts'ehetso ea lefu la tsoekere (DSMES)le tlhokomelo ea psychosocial li ngotsoe ka nepo tlalehong.Ha re ntse re amohela bohlokoa bo boholo le litšenyehelo tsa ho hlahloba, ho hlahloba le ho laola mathata a sa foleng a microvascular le macrovascular a lefu la tsoekere, tlhaloso e qaqileng ea taolo ea mathata ana e ka holimo ho tlaleho ena.
Litšupiso
1. Miller RG, Secrest AM, Sharma RK, Songer TJ, Orchard TJ.Lintlafatso nakong ea tebello ea bophelo ea lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1: sehlopha sa thuto sa Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications.Lefu la tsoekere
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2. Mobasseri M, Shirmohammadi M, Amiri T, Vahed N, Hosseini Fard H, Ghojazadeh M. Ho ata le ho ata ha lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1 lefatšeng: tlhahlobo e hlophisitsoeng le tlhahlobo ea meta.HealthPromotPerspect2020;10:98–115
3. Hirsch IB, Juneja R, Beals JM, Antalis CJ, Wright EE.Phetoho ea insulin le hore na e tsebahatsa khetho ea kalafo le kalafo joang.Endocr Rev2020;41:733–755
Nako ea poso: Jul-01-2022